TUPAC AMARU

Tupac Amaru
(Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui or Quivicanqui).

 Peruvian revolutionary, descendant of the incas (Surimana, 1741 - Cuzco, 1781). Cacique of Tungasuca, Surimana and Pampamarca, was great-grandson of Juana Pilco-Huaco, the daughter of the last inca ruler, Túpac Amaru I (executed by the Spaniards in 1572).

He was educated with the Jesuits in Cuzco and made fortune in transportation, mining and land business. His prestige among the Indians and mestizos allowed him to lead a rebellion against the Spanish authorities of the Peru in 1780; This rebellion (preceded by similar) exploded by the discontent of the population against taxes and compulsory performance of work which the Spaniards imposed (mitas, obrajes, divisions, services...) and against the abuses of the corregidores. It began with the execution of the corregidor of ink, without apparently there was a premeditated plan of insurrection.
Condorcanqui adopted the name of their ancestor (Túpac Amaru, for what would be known as Túpac Amaru II) as a symbol of rebellion against the colonizers. It arose as a restorer and legitimate heir to the inca dynasty and sent emissaries to spread the rebellion by all Peru. However, his rebellion was directed against the Spanish authorities, maintaining the fiction of loyalty to King Carlos III.

The first detachment sent to suppress the rebellion was defeated by Túpac Amaru in 1780. He then turned towards Cuzco, but was rejected by the Spaniards in the vicinity of the ancient capital.
Meanwhile, the viceroy Agustín de Jáuregui sent against an army of 17,000 men, at the time that discouraged the rebellion by making concessions to the Indians (such as creating a special room in the audience to attend their complaints or limit the powers of the corregidores). Túpac Amaru was defeated at the battle of Checacupe (1781), delivered by some of their own to the Spaniards, and transferred by them to Cuzco, where judged him and executed.

The gravity of the threat that this rebellion had represented for the Spanish Empire in America resulted in the cruelty of the viceroy, who dismembered Túpac Amaru and sent each part of your body to a village in the rebel area to allow for running an exemplary value and quell the rebellion (which continued some time more, headed by a cousin and a nephew of Túpac Amaru).